Amazon leaf fish (Monocirrhus polyacanthus), also known as South American leaf fish, are fascinating freshwater fish known for their camouflage and predatory behavior. Here's a guide to keeping them successfully in an aquarium:
Tank Setup
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Tank Size:
- Minimum of 30 gallons for a single fish.
- Larger tanks are better for groups or if housing with tankmates.
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Water Conditions:
- Temperature: 75–82°F (24–28°C).
- pH: 6.0–7.0 (preferably slightly acidic).
- Hardness: Soft to moderately hard water (0–10 dGH).
- Filtration: Provide a strong filter to maintain water quality but ensure the current isn’t too strong.
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Decor and Substrate:
- Use driftwood, leaf litter, and plants to mimic their natural habitat.
- Add hiding spots with caves and dense vegetation.
- A sandy or fine gravel substrate is ideal.
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Lighting:
- Dim lighting to match their natural environment and reduce stress.
Diet
- Amazon leaf fish are carnivorous and ambush predators. They require a diet of live or frozen meaty foods.
- Live options: Small feeder fish, bloodworms, brine shrimp, or small insects.
- Frozen options: Thawed bloodworms, krill, or shrimp.
- They may not accept dry food, especially initially. Training them to accept frozen food can take time.
Behavior and Tankmates
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Temperament:
- Predatory and territorial.
- Slow-moving and solitary by nature.
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Tankmates:
- Avoid small fish that can fit in their mouths (they will be eaten).
- Good companions: Similar-sized, peaceful fish like angelfish, larger tetras, or catfish.
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Group Dynamics:
- Can be kept singly or in small groups, but watch for territorial disputes.
Maintenance
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Water Quality:
- Perform regular water changes (20–30% weekly).
- Maintain stable water parameters to prevent stress and disease.
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Observation:
- Monitor for signs of stress or illness (e.g., loss of appetite, lethargy, or abnormal swimming).
- They are prone to fungal and bacterial infections if water quality is poor.
Breeding
- Breeding in captivity is challenging due to their specific requirements.
- They are substrate spawners and lay eggs on leaves or flat surfaces.
- After spawning, males often guard the eggs, but rearing the fry requires a supply of very small live foods like infusoria.
By replicating their natural environment and catering to their specific needs, Amazon leaf fish can thrive in a home aquarium. Their unique appearance and predatory behavior make them a rewarding fish to keep for experienced aquarists.
