ʻŌpae ʻula are tiny, red Hawaiian shrimp native to anchialine pools, which are coastal water bodies connected to both fresh and saltwater. Known scientifically as Halocaridina rubra, they are highly adapted to survive in harsh and variable conditions, including low oxygen levels and fluctuating salinity.
Characteristics:
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Size: They are small, typically around 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 inches) long.
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Color: Bright red, though they can appear more translucent depending on light and water quality.
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Lifespan: They are incredibly long-lived, with some reports suggesting they can survive over 20 years under ideal conditions.
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Diet: They are detritivores and grazers, feeding primarily on biofilm, algae, and microorganisms in their environment.
Habitat:
ʻŌpae ʻula are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and are often found in anchialine pools, which are unique ecosystems created by the mixing of freshwater and seawater. These pools are typically found near lava fields.
Cultural and Ecological Importance:
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Cultural Significance: In Hawaiian culture, ʻŌpae ʻula are respected as part of the natural environment and symbolize resilience.
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Aquarium Popularity: They are popular in low-maintenance home aquariums and can thrive in sealed ecosystems like "ecospheres" because of their minimal needs.
Care in Captivity:
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Water Conditions: Salinity similar to brackish water (~1.005–1.015 specific gravity), and stable temperatures around 22–27°C (72–80°F).
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Feeding: Supplemental food like spirulina or algae wafers can be provided sparingly.
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Tank Maintenance: They require minimal maintenance and can thrive without frequent water changes if water quality is stable.
