The Samurai Gourami (Sphaerichthys vaillanti) is a beautiful and fascinating freshwater fish species belonging to the gourami family (Osphronemidae). Here’s an overview of the species:
General Information
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Common Name: Samurai Gourami
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Scientific Name: Sphaerichthys vaillanti
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Family: Osphronemidae
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Native Habitat: Found primarily in peat swamp forests of Borneo, Indonesia, and other nearby regions. These waters are typically very acidic, with a pH between 3.0 and 5.0, due to decomposing organic matter.
Appearance
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Size: Reaches an average size of 4–5 cm (approximately 1.5–2 inches).
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Coloration: Noted for its shimmering metallic hues, which can range from reddish-brown to bronze. The fins often have striking patterns and a bluish or greenish tint.
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Sexual Dimorphism: Males are generally more vibrant in color and have pointed dorsal and anal fins compared to the rounded fins of females.
Behavior
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Temperament: Peaceful and shy, making them suitable for community tanks with other non-aggressive species.
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Social Structure: Prefer being in small groups but can exhibit territoriality, especially during breeding.
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Breeding: Known for mouthbrooding; the male typically incubates the eggs in his mouth until the fry are ready to swim freely.
Tank Requirements
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Water Parameters:
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Temperature: 24–28°C (75–82°F)
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pH: 3.0–6.5 (acidic)
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Hardness: Soft water is ideal.
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Tank Setup:
- Include plenty of plants and driftwood to mimic their natural habitat.
- Dim lighting and a dark substrate help make them feel secure.
- Ensure good water quality, as they are sensitive to changes in water chemistry.
Diet
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Natural Diet: In the wild, they feed on small invertebrates and microorganisms.
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Aquarium Diet: Will accept high-quality flake food, small live foods (e.g., brine shrimp, daphnia), and frozen food. A varied diet is essential to maintain their health and coloration.
Conservation
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Status: Habitat loss due to deforestation and peat swamp destruction poses a threat to their natural populations. Maintaining suitable habitats is critical for their survival.
The Samurai Gourami is a gem for experienced aquarists who can meet their specific environmental and care needs. Their stunning appearance and unique behaviors make them a prized addition to specialized aquariums.
